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Original Article
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders 2022: 21: 1: 1-16

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Exploring Factors Associated With Successful Nonpharmacological Interventions for People With Dementia
HyounKyoung Grace Park , 1 Suzanne E. Perumean-Chaney , 2 Alfred A. Bartolucci 2
1 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 2 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
Exploring Factors Associated With Successful Nonpharmacological Interventions for People With Dementia
HyounKyoung Grace Park , 1 Suzanne E. Perumean-Chaney , 2 Alfred A. Bartolucci 2
1 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA 2 Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
Background and purpose: We investigated existing nonpharmacological programs for
people with dementia (PWD) to explore critical factors related to the effectiveness of these
types of programs.
Methods: We conducted a qualitative systematic literature review to identify
nonpharmacological intervention programs developed for PWD and reviewed 36 randomized
controlled trials. Among several outcomes reported in each study, we focused on the most
common outcomes including quality of life (QoL), neuropsychiatric symptoms, depression,
agitation, and cognition for further review.
Results: Several factors were identified that might affect the outcomes of
nonpharmacological interventions for PWD including study design, characteristics of the
intervention, maintaining research participants, heterogeneity issues, and implementation
fidelity. About half of studies in this review reported positive program effects on their
targeted outcomes such as Well-being and Health for PWD on improving quality of
life, neuropsychiatric symptoms and agitation; cognitive stimulation therapy on QoL,
neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognition; and a stepwise multicomponent intervention on
neuropsychiatric symptoms, depression and agitation.
Conclusions: We found some programs even with a rigorous study design did not produce
expected outcomes while other programs with poor designs reported positive outcomes,
which necessitates further investigation on the validity of the assessments. Factors such as
individual tailored and customized interventions, promoting social interactions, ease of
administration and compatibility of interventions, and developing program theory need to be
considered when developing nonpharmacological intervention programs.
Key Words: Dementia; Alzheimer Disease; Nonpharmacological Intervention; Program Theory
대한치매학회지 (Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders)

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